State Point Analysis With just six data inputs, state point analysis (SPA) would seem to provide a simple mathematical model for...

Introduction Before going into a detailed discussion of the F:M (food-to-mass or food-to-microorganism) ratio I want to let you know...

Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP) Measuring the oxidation reduction potential (ORP) is such an easy, insightful test to perform, it’s a...

Level 1: Oxygen Uptake Rate—An Introduction Whenever I evaluate a biological treatment system there are two sets of tests I always run:...

Refinery Wet Gas Scrubber This may seem a little odd, perhaps, but there is one unit process in particular that I really enjoy...

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)—An Introduction I’ve stated previously (OUR Level 1 Testing page) that whenever I evaluate a biological...

Primary and Secondary Clarifiers This page provides information on the expected performance of primary and secondary clarifiers. Removal...

Oil-Water Separation Though municipal wastewater treatment plants have to deal with their share of oil and grease (O&G), this post on...

Details on how to use a lab-scale dewatering filter press.

Benchtop Belt Filter Press As I've discussed elsewhere in this blog, I have two key pieces of laboratory/field equipment that I use to...

Three Sludge Dewatering Units The data presented on this page comes primarily from two sources as follows: 1. An excellent textbook...

The Water We Use When I travel I seldom give much thought to the water I drink, cook with, and bathe in. But there are occasions when...